XWIN(1)

NAME
XWin - X Server for the Cygwin environment on Microsoft Windows

SYNOPSIS
XWin [ options ] ...

DESCRIPTION
XWin is an X Server for the X Window System on the Cygwin environment running on Microsoft Windows.

MODES
XWin can operate in 3 different modes:
* Single Window: This is the default mode. Each X screen appears as a single Windows window and all X windows are contained within this window. (In X terminology, the Windows window contains the root window for the screen)
* Multi-Window: In this mode XWin uses its own integrated window manager in order to handle the top-level X windows, in such a way that they appear as normal Windows windows.
* Rootless: In this mode the X server works in a window containing the whole screen but this root window (traditionally covered with an X hatch pattern) is hidden from view, so only top-level X windows are seen.

OPTIONS
In addition to the normal server options described in the Xserver(1) manual page, XWin accepts the following command line switches, all of which are optional:

OPTIONS CONTROLLING WINDOWING MODE
Only one of these options may be specified.

(default)
    Windowed or rooted mode. Each X screen appears as a single Windows window and all X windows are contained within those windows.

-multiwindow
    Each top-level X window appears in its own Windows window. Also start the integrated Windows-based window manager.

-rootless
    Run the server in rootless mode. The X server works on a window covering the whole screen but the root window is hidden from view.

-mwextwm
    Experimental. The mode combines -rootless mode drawing with native Windows window frames managed by the experimental external window manager xwinwm.

NOTE: -multiwindow mode uses its own internal window manager. All other modes require an external window manager in order to move, resize, and perform other operations on the individual X windows.

OPTIONS FOR SPECIFYING X SCREENS
An X display may be composed of multiple screens. The default behaviour is to create a single screen 0 that is roughly the size of useful area of the primary monitor (allowing for any window decorations and the task-bar). Screen specific parameters can be applied as a default to all screens by placing those screen specific parameters before any -screen parameter. Screen specific parameters placed after the first -screen parameter will apply only to the immediately preceeding -screen parameter.

-[no]multimonitors or -[no]multiplemonitors
    Create a screen 0 that covers all monitors [the primary monitor] on a system with multiple monitors. This option is currently enabled by default in -multiwindow mode.

-screen screen_number [W H [X Y] | [[WxH[+X+Y]][@M]] ]
    Create screen number screen_number and optionally specify it's height, width and initial position. Additionally a monitor number (which count from 1) can be specified to place the screen on, at which point, all coordinates become relative to that monitor. Screen numbers must be contiguous starting from zero and cannot be duplicated. Examples: -screen 0 @1 ; on 1st monitor using its full resolution (the default) -screen 0 800x600+100+100@2 ; on 2nd monitor offset 100,100 size 800x600 -screen 0 1024x768@3 ; on 3rd monitor size 1024x768

OPTIONS CONTROLLING THE APPEARANCE OF THE X SCREEN WINDOWS
These parameters only apply to windowed mode screens i.e. not in -multiwindow or -rootless mode.

-fullscreen
    The X server window takes the full screen, covering completely the Windows desktop. Currently -fullscreen may only be applied to one X screen.

-nodecoration
    Do not give the Cygwin/X window a Windows window border, title bar, etc. This parameter is ignored when the -fullscreen parameter is specified.

-scrollbars
    Alternative name for -resize=scrollbars.

OPTIONS CONTROLLING RESIZE BEHAVIOUR

-resize[=none|scrollbars|randr]
    Select the resize mode of an X screen.

    -resize=none
        (default). The screen is not resizable. In windowed mode, if the window has decorations, a fixed frame is used.

    -resize=scrollbars
        The screen window is resizeable, but the screen is not resizable. In windowed mode, if the window has decorations, a resizing frame is used. Scrollbars are drawn when needed to allow the entire X screen to viewed by adjusting them. This also permits screens bigger than the Windows virtual desktop to be used. This parameter is ignored in -multiwindow or -rootless mode. Alternative name is -scrollbars.

    -resize=randr
        The screen is resizable and the screen window is resizeable. In windowed mode, if the window has decorations, a resizing frame is used. Resizing the Windows window will use the RANDR extension to change the size of the X screen. Likewise, changing the size of the X screen using the RANDR extension will cause the size of the Windows window containing the X screen to be changed. In -multiwindow or -rootless mode, if the X screen is of the same dimensions as a Windows monitor or the virtual desktop, the X server will respond to the WM_DISPLAYCHANGED sent when those dimensions change by resizing the X screen. Changing the size of the X screen using the RANDR extension is not permitted. The maximum dimensions of the screen are the dimensions of the Windows virtual desktop.

    --resize
        on its own is equivalent to --resize=randr

OPTIONS CONTROLLING WINDOWS INTEGRATION

-[no]clipboard
    Enables [disables] the integration between the Cygwin/X clipboard and Windows clipboard. The default is enabled.

-emulate3buttons [timeout]
    Emulate a three button mouse; pressing both buttons within timeout milliseconds causes an emulated middle button press. The default timeout is 50 milliseconds. Note that most mice with scroll wheel have middle button functionality, usually you will need this option only if you have a two button mouse without scroll wheel. Default is to enable this option if Windows reports a two button mouse, disabled otherwise.

-[no]keyhook
    Enable [disable] a low-level keyboard hook for catching special keypresses like Menu and Alt+Tab and passing them to the X Server instead of letting Windows handle them.

-lesspointer
    Normally the Windows mouse cursor is hidden when the mouse is over an active Cygwin/X window. This option causes the mouse cursor also to be hidden when it is over an inactive Cygwin/X window. This prevents the Windows mouse cursor from being drawn on top of the X cursor. This parameter has no effect unless -swcursor is also specified.

-swcursor
    Disable the usage of the Windows cursor and use the X11 software cursor instead.

-[no]trayicon
    Do not create a tray icon. Default is to create one icon per screen. You can globally disable tray icons with -notrayicon, then enable it for specific screens with -trayicon for those screens.

-nounicodeclipboard
    Do not use Unicode clipboard even if on a NT-based platform.

-[no]unixkill
    Enable or disable the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace key combination as a signal to exit the X Server. The Ctrl-Alt-Backspace key combination is disabled by default.

-[no]wgl
    Enable [disable] the GLX extension to use the native Windows WGL interface for hardware accelerated OpenGL (AIGLX). (Experimental)

-[no]winkill
    Enable or disable the Alt-F4 key combination as a signal to exit the X Server. The Alt-F4 key combination is enabled by default.

DRAWING ENGINE OPTIONS

-clipupdates num_boxes
    Specify an optional threshold, above which the regions in a shadow update operation will be collected into a GDI clipping region. The clipping region is then used to do a single bit block transfer that is constrained to the updated area by the clipping region. There is some overhead involved in creating, installing, destroying, and removing the clipping region, thus there may not be much benefit for a small number of boxes (less than 10). It is even possible that this functionality does not provide a benefit at any number of boxes; we can only determine the usefulness of this feature through testing. This option probably has limited effect on current Windows versions as they already perform GDI batching. This parameter works in conjunction with engines 1, 2, and 4 (Shadow GDI, Shadow DirectDraw, and Shadow DirectDraw Non-Locking, respectively).

-engine engine_type_id
    This option, which is intended for Cygwin/X developers, overrides the server's automatically selected drawing engine type. This parameter will be ignored if the specified drawing engine type is not supported on the current system. Default behavior is to select the drawing engine with optimum performance that supports the specified depth and window configuration. The engine type ids are:

    1   Shadow GDI

    2   Shadow DirectDraw

    4   Shadow DirectDraw Non-Locking

    8   Primary DirectDraw (unsupported, obsolete)

    16  Native GDI (unsupported, experimental and barely functional)

FULLSCREEN OPTIONS

-depth depth
    Specify the color depth, in bits per pixel, to use when running in fullscreen with a DirectDraw engine. This parameter is ignored if -fullscreen is not specified.

-refresh rate_in_Hz
    Specify an optional refresh rate to use when running in fullscreen with a DirectDraw engine. This parameter is ignored if -fullscreen is not specified.

MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS
See also the normal server options described in the Xserver(1) manual page

-help
    Write a help text listing supported command line options and their description to the console.

-ignoreinput
    Ignore keyboard and mouse input. This is usually only used for testing and debugging purposes.

-logfile filename
    Change the server log file from the default of __logdir__/XWin.n.log, where n is the display number of the XWin server, to filename.

-logverbose level
    Control the degree of verbosity of the log messages with the integer parameter level. For level=0 only fatal errors are reported, for level=1 simple information about configuration is also given, for level=2 (default) additional runtime information is recorded and for level=3 detailed log information (including trace and debug output) is produced. Bigger values will yield a still more detailed debug output.

-silent-dup-error
    If another instance of XWin with the same display number is found running, exit silently and don't display any error message.

-xkblayout layout

-xkbmodel model

-xkboptions option

-xkbrules rule

-xkbvariant variant
    These options configure the xkeyboard extension to load a particular keyboard map as the X server starts. The behavior is similar to the setxkbmap program. The layout data is located at __datadir__/X11/xkb/. Additional information is found in the README files therein and in the man page of setxkbmap. For example in order to load a German layout for a pc105 keyboard one uses the options:
    -xkblayout de -xkbmodel pc105 Alternatively one may use the setxkbmap program after XWin is running. The default is to select a configuration matching your current layout as reported by Windows, if known, or the default X server configuration if no matching keyboard configuration was found.

UNDOCUMENTED OPTIONS
These options are undocumented. Do not use them.

-emulatepseudo
    Create a depth 8 PseudoColor visual when running in depths 15, 16, 24, or 32, collectively known as TrueColor depths. Color map manipulation is not supported, so the PseudoColor visual will not have the correct colors. This option is intended to allow applications which only work with a depth 8 visual to operate in TrueColor modes.

-internalwm
    Run the internal window manager.

LOG FILE
As it runs XWin writes messages indicating the most relevant events to the console from which it was called and to a log file that by default is located at __logdir__/XWin.0.log. This file is mainly for debugging purposes.

PREFERENCES FILE
On startup XWin looks for the file $HOME/.XWinrc or, if the previous file does not exist, __sysconfdir__/X11/system.XWinrc. .XWinrc allows setting preferences for the following:
* To include items into the menu associated with the XWin icon which is in the Windows system tray. This functions in all modes that have a tray icon.
* To include items in the system menu which is associated with the Windows window that XWin -multiwindow produces for each top-level X window, in both the generic case and for particular programs.
* To change the icon that is associated to the Windows window that XWin -multiwindow produces for each top-level X-window.
* To change the style that is associated to the Windows window that Win I-multiwindow produces for each top-level X window.

The format of the .XWinrc file is given in the man page XWinrc(5).

EXAMPLES
Need some examples

SEE ALSO
X(__miscmansuffix__), Xserver(1), xdm(1), xinit(1), XWinrc(__filemansuffix__), setxkbmap(1), xkeyboard-config (__miscmansuffix__).

BUGS
XWin and this man page still have many limitations. The XWin software is continuously developing; it is therefore possible that this man page is not up to date. It is always prudent to look also at the output of XWin -help in order to check the options that are operative.

AUTHORS
This list is by no means complete, but direct contributors to the Cygwin/X project include (in alphabetical order by last name): Stuart Adamson, Michael Bax, Jehan Bing, Lev Bishop, Dr. Peter Busch, Biju G C, Robert Collins, Nick Crabtree, Early Ehlinger, Christopher Faylor, John Fortin, Brian Genisio, Fabrizio Gennari, Alexander Gottwald, Ralf Habacker, Colin Harrison, Matthieu Herrb, Alan Hourihane, Pierre A Humblet, Harold L Hunt II, Dakshinamurthy Karra, Joe Krahn, Paul Loewenstein, Kensuke Matsuzaki, Takuma Murakami, Earle F. Philhower III, Benjamin Riefenstahl, Yaakov Selkowitz, Suhaib Siddiqi, Jack Tanner, Jon Turney and Nicholas Wourms.